HYPOTENSION

Blood pressure is a measurement of the pressure in your arteries during the active and resting phases of each heartbeat. For instance, in normal condition our blood pressure is around 120/80 systolic/diastolic. Systolic is the  pressure when your heart pumping blood through your arteries to the rest of your body. Diastolic is the pressure when your heart receiving blood through your veins. Hypotension is a condition when the amounts of pressure is lower than 120/80. We can’t consider certain amounts as a hypotension because low blood pressure for you may be normal for someone else. Most doctors consider chronically low blood pressure too low only if it causes noticeable symptoms.

Conditions that can cause low blood pressure :

• Pregnancy. Because a woman's circulatory system expands rapidly during pregnancy, blood pressure is likely to drop. During the first 24 weeks of pregnancy, systolic pressure commonly drops by five to 10 points and diastolic pressure by as much as 10 to 15 points. This is normal, and blood pressure usually returns to your pre-pregnancy level after you've given birth.
• Heart problems. Some heart conditions that can lead to low blood pressure include extremely low heart rate, heart valve problems, heart attack and heart failure. These conditions may cause low blood pressure because they prevent your body from being able to circulate enough blood.
• Dehydration. When you become dehydrated, your body loses more water than it takes in. We know that blood is mostly consist of 90% water. When we don’t drink enough water the blood amount will decrease steadily.
• Blood loss. Losing a lot of blood from a major injury or internal bleeding reduces the amount of blood in your body, leading to a severe drop in blood pressure.
• Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. Common triggers of anaphylaxis include foods, certain medications, insect venoms and latex. Anaphylaxis can cause breathing problems, hives, itching, a swollen throat and a drop in blood pressure.
• Lack of nutrients in your diet. A lack of the vitamins B-12 and folate can cause anemia, a condition in which your body doesn't produce enough red blood cells, causing low blood pressure.

 This is general symptoms of HYPOTENSION :

• Dizziness and Blurred vision
• Fainting
• Lack of concentration
• Nausea
• Cold, clammy, pale skin
• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Fatigue
• Thirst

 Prevention could include :

• Compression Stockings
• Alcohol Abstinence
• Avoid Prolonged Standing
• Drink plenty of fluids
• Avoid Foods that can low your blood pressure. Such as skimmed milk, garlic, almond, avocado, spinach, tofu, then fruits and veggies that are rich in calcium, such as grapefruit, orange, banana, grape, cale, cucumber,

TONSILLITIS

About Tonsils and Tonsillitis :

The tonsils are fleshy clusters of tissue that lie in bands on both sides of the back of the throat, above and behind the tongue. The tonsils major function is to catch incoming germs before the germs cause infections in the throat, mouth, or sinuses. Tonsils contain infection-fighting cells and antibodies that stop the spread of the germs further into the body. So what is Tonsillitis?.Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils caused by an infection of virus or bacteria. This is a contagious disease that usually spreads from person to person by contact with the throat or nasal fluids of someone who is already infected. In tonsillitis, the tonsils are enlarged, red, and often coated (either partly or entirely) by a substance that is yellow, gray, or white. Tonsillitis usually occurs as part of a pharyngitis. Sometimes tonsillitis reoccurs, and may cause difficulty breathing. If this occurs, your doctor may recommend taking them out ( tonsillectomy ). usually spreads from person to person by contact with the throat or nasal fluids of someone who is already infected.

What are the symptoms of Tonsillitis?

Each person with tonsillitis may not experience all of the symptoms. Some of the major symptoms of tonsillitis are:

• A very sore throat
• Fever
• Redder than normal tonsils
• Chills
• A yellow or white coating on the tonsils
• A funny-sounding voice
• Swollen glands in the neck
• Bad breath

How is Tonsillitis diagnosed?

Tonsillitis can be diagnosed by performing a rapid strep test, also called a throat culture. To perform the throat culture, the doctor will use a long cotton swab to swipe off some of the stuff on the surface of the back of your throat. The doctor will then test the "stuff" on the cotton swab. This test will determine whether you have tonsillitis and whether it is caused by a bacteria or a virus.

How Is Tonsillitis Treated?

Treatment for tonsillitis depends on whether it was caused by a virus or bacteria. If the tonsillitis was caused by strep bacteria (streptococci), the doctor will prescribe antibiotics. If the tonsillitis was caused by a virus, your body will fight off the infection on its own. However, medication can be prescribed to alleviate the symptoms.

Prevention

•   Avoid close contact with others who are sick. If possible, keep yourself away from people who are known to have tonsillitis or sore throat.
•  Remember the importance of proper hand-washing, especially when around people who appear sick and don not share toothbrushes with others.
• Wash and disinfect surfaces of things.
• Cover your mouths when coughing or sneezing, preferably using a tissue so that germs do not get on their hands.
• Carry disposable wipes and a hand sanitizer to clean hands and to wipe off shopping carts or other shared items in public places.
• Do not smoke..

TYPHUS

Typhus is a contagious disease. Which is caused by one of two types of bacteria: Rickettsia typhi or Salmonella typhi. When the bacteria enter the body, people will get the symptoms after seven to twenty one days. Typhus is usually seen in areas where hygiene is poor and the temperature is cold. Typhus is a bacterial disease spread by lice or fleas.

This is general symptoms of TYPHUS :

Salmonella Typhi

• Severe headache and even Stupor
• Chills
• High fever
• Coughing
• Muscle aches
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Skin rash spreading to the body
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Neusea and/or Vomitting
• Appetite decrease

The symptoms will be felt after virus passed their incubation period around 10-14 days. In this period, virus prepare their equipment to attack our defense system.  In the first week, we will get a long high fever ( 39ºC – 40ºC ) which usually decrease in the morning and increase at night, headache, muscle aches, appetite decrease,  neusea, vomiting, coughing, low heart beat, diarrhea or constipation. In the end of first week, diarrhea will more happen. After that the rash will be appear on your skin along 3-5 days and disappear flawlessly. In the second weeks the body temperature will be high a whole day and heart beats will become more slowly. If you see your tongue, the mirror will show a red dry tongue. In this period, easy for you to lose your consciousness. You will feel so sleepy a whole day and your communication sense will be decrease. In the third or fourth weeks the body temperature will steadily decrease and become normal in the end of the week. This will happen without any remedies. This is your recovery period. You must take a rest as much as possible and don’t forget to eat and drink enough. Because this things can fast the recovery process. Remember that when you got a typhus you must not do a strenuous activity. Be aware that your body is in a war to againts viruses and your body need extra energy. So do not do the activity that makes your body lose the energy. 

Prevention
Avoid areas where you might encounter rat fleas or lice. Good sanitation and public health measures reduce the rat population.

Measures to get rid of lice when an infection has been found include:

• Bathing
• Boiling clothes or avoiding infested clothing for at least 5 days (lice will die without feeding on blood)
• Using insecticides (10% DDT, 1% malathion, or 1% permethrin)